Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect worldwide, and Pakistan has one of the highest rates in Asia. Many children live with undiagnosed heart conditions for years — not because the diagnosis is difficult, but because their families cannot access or afford specialist care.
What Is a Congenital Heart Defect?
A congenital heart defect is a structural problem with the heart present from birth. The most common type is a Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) — a hole in the wall between the heart's two lower chambers. Small holes sometimes close on their own. Larger ones require surgical repair.
Warning Signs in Infants and Young Children
- Blue or purple tint to the lips, tongue, or fingernails (cyanosis)
- Rapid breathing or difficulty breathing, especially during feeding
- Excessive sweating during feeding or activity
- Poor weight gain or stunted growth
- Extreme tiredness or lethargy
- Swelling in the legs, abdomen, or around the eyes
- Frequent respiratory infections
What Can Parents Do?
If your child shows any of these signs, see a doctor immediately. Do not wait for the next routine checkup. A simple echocardiogram (heart ultrasound) can diagnose most congenital heart defects within minutes. In Pakistan, this is available at most large hospitals.
Zara's Story
Zara N., 7 years old, was born with a ventricular septal defect. She has struggled with breathlessness and fatigue her entire short life. Surgery at NICVD has a 94% success rate and would give her a completely normal life. Without it, her doctors give her less than 18 months. Her parents are daily-wage workers who cannot afford the $2,300 cost.
Help Zara get the surgery she needs to live a normal life.
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